Читать книгу Английский язык для экономистов. Основы экономического английского - - Страница 10

Anna and Mark are sitting in the park after their economics lecture.

Anna: Mark, today the professor explained demand. Can you remind me what it means?

Mark: Sure! Demand is the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at different prices over a period of time.

Anna: So it’s the consumer’s side of the market?

Mark: Exactly. Demand shows how much people want and can afford at different prices.

Anna: And what affects demand besides price?

Mark: Many factors: income, tastes and preferences, prices of related goods, expectations, and the number of buyers.

Anna: Can you give an example?

Mark: Sure. If the price of coffee goes down, people may buy more. But if their income falls, they might buy less.

Anna: I see. So demand interacts with supply to determine market prices and quantities.

Mark: Right. Understanding demand helps businesses and governments make better economic decisions.

Полезные фразы и выражения

demand – спрос

quantity demanded – количество, требуемое к покупке

consumers – потребители

price – цена

income – доход

tastes and preferences – вкусы и предпочтения

related goods – связанные товары

expectations – ожидания

number of buyers – количество покупателей

market – рынок

to be willing and able – быть готовым и способным

to interact with supply – взаимодействовать с предложением

to determine market prices – определять рыночные цены

good or service – товар или услуга

Упражнения

1. Matching

Соотнеси английские слова с их переводом.

A

demand

consumers

price

quantity demanded

income

B

a. доход

b. спрос

c. потребители

d. количество, требуемое к покупке

e. цена

2. Fill in the blanks

Заполни пропуски словами из списка: (market, consumers, preferences, demand, price)

__________ is the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing to buy.

When __________ changes, the quantity demanded usually changes.

__________ decide what to buy based on price and income.

Tastes and __________ affect demand.

Demand interacts with supply in the __________ to determine prices.

3. Translation

A. Translate into English:

Спрос зависит от цены, дохода и предпочтений потребителей.

Когда цена падает, количество покупаемого товара обычно растет.

Количество покупателей влияет на общий спрос.

B. Translate into Russian:

Demand is the consumer’s side of the market.

Expectations about the future can affect demand.

4. Speaking Practice (Dialog)

Работай в паре.

Student A: Ask what demand means.

Student B: Explain that it is the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at different prices.

Student A: Ask what factors affect demand.

Student B: Explain the role of income, tastes, prices of related goods, expectations, and number of buyers.

Пример диалога:

Student A: Hi! What is demand?

Student B: Demand is the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at different prices over a period of time.

Student A: What factors affect demand besides price?

Student B: Income, tastes and preferences, prices of related goods, expectations, and the number of buyers all affect demand.

Student A: Can you give an example?

Student B: Sure. If the price of coffee goes down, people may buy more. But if their income falls, they might buy less.

Ответы к упражнениям

1. Matching

1 – b

2 – c

3 – e

4 – d

5 – a

2. Fill in the blanks

Demand

price

Consumers

preferences

market

3. Translation

A.

Demand depends on price, income, and consumer preferences.

When price falls, the quantity demanded usually increases.

The number of buyers affects total demand.

B.

Спрос – это сторона рынка потребителей.

Ожидания о будущем могут влиять на спрос.