Читать книгу Английский язык для экономистов. Основы экономического английского - - Страница 13

Anna and Mark are sitting in the library after a lecture about types of goods.

Anna: Mark, the professor mentioned different types of goods. Can you explain them?

Mark: Sure! Goods can be classified in several ways, such as normal and inferior goods, public and private goods, and complementary and substitute goods.

Anna: What are normal and inferior goods?

Mark: Normal goods are those for which demand increases when income rises. Inferior goods are those for which demand decreases when income rises.

Anna: And public and private goods?

Mark: Private goods are rival and excludable. If one person consumes them, another cannot. Public goods are non-rival and non-excludable, like street lighting or national defense.

Anna: What about complementary and substitute goods?

Mark: Complementary goods are used together, like coffee and sugar. Substitute goods can replace each other, like tea and coffee.

Anna: I see. Understanding types of goods helps businesses and governments make better decisions.

Mark: Exactly! It helps explain consumer behavior and market outcomes.

Полезные фразы и выражения

types of goods – типы товаров

normal goods – нормальные товары

inferior goods – некачественные (инфериорные) товары

public goods – общественные товары

private goods – частные товары

complementary goods – дополнительные, взаимодополняющие товары

substitute goods – заменяющие товары

rival – конкурентный

excludable – исключаемый

non-rival – неконкурентный

non-excludable – не исключаемый

consumer behavior – поведение потребителей

market outcomes – результаты рынка

income – доход

Упражнения

1. Matching

Соотнеси английские слова с их переводом.

A

normal goods

inferior goods

public goods

private goods

complementary goods

B

a. общественные товары

b. нормальные товары

c. некачественные (инфериорные) товары

d. дополнительные товары

e. частные товары

2. Fill in the blanks

Заполни пропуски словами из списка: (substitute goods, private goods, complementary goods, income, public goods)

__________ are used together, like coffee and sugar.

__________ are goods that can replace each other, like tea and coffee.

__________ are non-rival and non-excludable, like street lighting.

__________ are rival and excludable, like a sandwich or a phone.

Demand for normal goods usually rises with higher __________.

3. Translation

A. Translate into English:

Нормальные товары пользуются большим спросом при росте дохода.

Общественные товары не являются конкурентными и не исключаемыми.

Взаимодополняющие товары используются вместе.

B. Translate into Russian:

Substitute goods can replace each other in consumption.

Understanding types of goods helps explain consumer behavior.

4. Speaking Practice (Dialog)

Работай в паре.

Student A: Ask about different types of goods.

Student B: Explain normal, inferior, public, private, complementary, and substitute goods with examples.

Student A: Ask why it is important to understand types of goods.

Student B: Explain that it helps businesses and governments understand consumer behavior and market outcomes.

Пример диалога:

Student A: Hi! Can you explain the types of goods?

Student B: Sure! There are normal and inferior goods, public and private goods, and complementary and substitute goods.

Student A: Can you give examples?

Student B: Normal goods increase in demand when income rises, inferior goods decrease. Private goods are rival and excludable, public goods are non-rival and non-excludable. Complementary goods are used together, like coffee and sugar, and substitute goods can replace each other, like tea and coffee.

Student A: Why is it important to understand these types?

Student B: It helps businesses and governments understand consumer behavior and predict market outcomes.

Ответы к упражнениям

1. Matching

1 – b

2 – c

3 – a

4 – e

5 – d

2. Fill in the blanks

complementary goods

substitute goods

public goods

private goods

income

3. Translation

A.

Normal goods increase in demand when income rises.

Public goods are non-rival and non-excludable.

Complementary goods are used together.

B.

Заменяющие товары могут заменять друг друга в потреблении.

Понимание типов товаров помогает объяснить поведение потребителей.