Читать книгу Английский язык для экономистов. Основы экономического английского - - Страница 6
Factors of Production
ОглавлениеAnna and Mark are sitting in a cafe after their economics lecture.
Anna: Mark, today the professor talked about factors of production. Can you explain what they are?
Mark: Sure! Factors of production are the resources used to produce goods and services.
Anna: What kinds of resources are we talking about?
Mark: There are four main types: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
Anna: Can you explain each one?
Mark: Of course. Land refers to natural resources like soil, water, and minerals. Labor is the human effort used in production. Capital is the machinery, tools, and buildings that help produce goods. Entrepreneurship is the ability to combine these resources to create products and services.
Anna: So entrepreneurs take risks and organize resources?
Mark: Exactly. They make decisions about what to produce and how to produce it.
Anna: Are these factors limited?
Mark: Yes, all factors of production are limited, which is why scarcity exists.
Anna: I see. So understanding these factors helps us understand how the economy works.
Mark: Right. They are the building blocks of all economic activity.
Полезные фразы и выражения
factors of production – факторы производства
land – земля, природные ресурсы
labor – труд
capital – капитал, средства производства
entrepreneurship – предпринимательство
natural resources – природные ресурсы
human effort – человеческий труд
machinery, tools, and buildings – машины, инструменты и здания
to produce goods and services – производить товары и услуги
to combine resources – комбинировать ресурсы
to take risks – рисковать
economic activity – экономическая деятельность
scarcity – ограниченность ресурсов
to understand how the economy works – понимать, как работает экономика
Упражнения
1. Matching
Соотнеси английские слова с их переводом.
A
land
labor
capital
entrepreneurship
factors of production
B
a. предпринимательство
b. капитал, средства производства
c. труд
d. земля, природные ресурсы
e. факторы производства
2. Fill in the blanks
Заполни пропуски словами из списка: (land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship, production)
__________ of production are resources used to produce goods and services.
__________ includes soil, water, and minerals.
__________ is the human effort used in production.
__________ refers to machinery, tools, and buildings.
__________ is the ability to combine resources and take risks to produce goods.
3. Translation
A. Translate into English:
Факторы производства включают землю, труд, капитал и предпринимательство.
Предприниматели объединяют ресурсы и принимают риски.
Капитал включает машины, инструменты и здания.
B. Translate into Russian:
Factors of production are essential for all economic activity.
Land and labor are limited resources.
4. Speaking Practice (Dialog)
Работай в паре.
Student A: Ask what factors of production are.
Student B: Explain the four types: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
Student A: Ask for examples of each factor.
Student B: Give examples like soil and water for land, workers for labor, machinery for capital, and a business owner for entrepreneurship.
Пример диалога:
Student A: Hi! What are factors of production?
Student B: Factors of production are resources used to produce goods and services.
Student A: What are the main types?
Student B: Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
Student A: Can you give examples?
Student B: Sure. Land is soil and water, labor is workers, capital is machines, and entrepreneurship is the business owner who organizes resources.
Ответы к упражнениям
1. Matching
1 – d
2 – c
3 – b
4 – a
5 – e
2. Fill in the blanks
Factors
Land
Labor
Capital
Entrepreneurship
3. Translation
A.
Factors of production include land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurs combine resources and take risks.
Capital includes machinery, tools, and buildings.
B.
Факторы производства необходимы для всей экономической деятельности.
Земля и труд – ограниченные ресурсы.
