Читать книгу Английский язык для экономистов. Основы экономического английского - - Страница 7

Anna and Mark are walking home after their economics lecture.

Anna: Mark, today the professor mentioned economic agents. I’m not sure what that means.

Mark: Economic agents are individuals, firms, and governments who make economic decisions.

Anna: So everyone who participates in the economy is an economic agent?

Mark: Exactly. Individuals make choices about what to buy, how much to save, or what career to pursue.

Anna: And firms?

Mark: Firms decide what goods and services to produce, how to produce them, and at what price to sell.

Anna: What about governments?

Mark: Governments make decisions about taxation, spending, and regulation. They try to manage the economy and provide public goods.

Anna: So all these agents interact in the economy?

Mark: Yes, and their decisions affect each other. For example, if households save more money, firms may invest less, and the government may adjust its policies.

Anna: I see. Understanding economic agents helps explain how the economy works.

Mark: Exactly. They are the main players in every economic system.

Полезные фразы и выражения

economic agents – экономические агенты

individuals – люди

firms – фирмы

governments – правительства

to make economic decisions – принимать экономические решения

to produce goods and services – производить товары и услуги

to consume – потреблять

to save – откладывать, сберегать

to invest – инвестировать

taxation – налогообложение

spending – расходы

regulation – регулирование

public goods – общественные блага

to interact – взаимодействовать

economic system – экономическая система

to affect each other – влиять друг на друга

Упражнения

1. Matching

Соотнеси английские слова с их переводом.

A

individuals

firms

governments

economic agents

public goods

B

a. экономические агенты

b. общественные блага

c. правительства

d. люди

e. фирмы

2. Fill in the blanks

Заполни пропуски словами из списка: (individuals, firms, governments, decisions, interact)

__________, firms, and governments are economic agents.

Individuals make economic __________ about consumption and savings.

Firms decide what to produce and how to sell it.

Governments make policies on taxation, spending, and regulation.

Economic agents __________ in the economy and influence each other.

3. Translation

A. Translate into English:

Экономические агенты принимают решения, которые влияют на экономику.

Фирмы решают, что производить и по какой цене продавать.

Правительства управляют расходами и налогами.

B. Translate into Russian:

Individuals, firms, and governments are the main economic agents.

Public goods are provided by the government for everyone.

4. Speaking Practice (Dialog)

Работай в паре.

Student A: Ask who economic agents are.

Student B: Explain that they are individuals, firms, and governments.

Student A: Ask what each agent does.

Student B: Explain the roles of individuals, firms, and governments in the economy.

Пример диалога:

Student A: Hi! What are economic agents?

Student B: Economic agents are individuals, firms, and governments who make economic decisions.

Student A: What do individuals do?

Student B: Individuals make choices about what to buy, save, or invest.

Student A: And firms?

Student B: Firms decide what to produce, how to produce it, and at what price to sell.

Student A: How about governments?

Student B: Governments manage taxation, spending, regulation, and provide public goods.

Ответы к упражнениям

1. Matching

1 – d

2 – e

3 – c

4 – a

5 – b

2. Fill in the blanks

Individuals

decisions

Firms

Governments

interact

3. Translation

A.

Economic agents make decisions that affect the economy.

Firms decide what to produce and at what price to sell.

Governments manage spending and taxation.

B.

Люди, фирмы и правительства – главные экономические агенты.

Общественные блага предоставляются правительством для всех.