Читать книгу Английский язык для экономистов. Основы экономического английского - - Страница 4
Scarcity and Choice
ОглавлениеAnna and Mark are sitting in the university cafeteria during a break.
Anna: Mark, I still don’t understand why the professor keeps talking about scarcity.
Mark: Scarcity is one of the most important concepts in economics.
Anna: What does it mean exactly?
Mark: It means that resources are limited, but people’s wants are unlimited.
Anna: So we can’t have everything we want?
Mark: Exactly. Scarcity forces people, firms, and governments to make choices.
Anna: Can you give me an example?
Mark: Sure. Imagine a country has limited money. It can spend it on hospitals, schools, or roads, but not on all three at the same time.
Anna: I see. So making choices is really important in economics.
Mark: Yes. And when we make choices, we face trade-offs. Choosing one thing means giving up another.
Anna: Trade-offs… like opportunity cost?
Mark: Exactly! Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative we give up when we make a choice.
Anna: That makes sense. So scarcity leads to choices, and choices have costs.
Mark: Right. Understanding scarcity and choice helps us make better economic decisions.
Полезные фразы и выражения
scarcity – нехватка, ограниченность
limited resources – ограниченные ресурсы
unlimited wants – неограниченные потребности
to make choices – делать выбор
trade-off – компромисс, альтернативный выбор
opportunity cost – альтернативная стоимость
individuals, firms, and governments – люди, фирмы и правительства
to face a decision – сталкиваться с выбором
to give up – отказаться, пожертвовать
the next best alternative – следующая лучшая альтернатива
economic decision – экономическое решение
to understand economic problems – понимать экономические проблемы
Упражнения
1. Matching
Соотнеси английские слова с их переводом.
A
scarcity
trade-off
opportunity cost
limited resources
choices
B
a. альтернативная стоимость
b. компромисс, альтернативный выбор
c. ограниченные ресурсы
d. нехватка, ограниченность
e. выборы, решения
2. Fill in the blanks
Заполни пропуски словами из списка: (scarcity, choices, trade-off, opportunity cost, resources)
Economics studies how people make __________ with limited __________.
Scarcity means we cannot have everything we want.
A __________ occurs when choosing one thing requires giving up another.
The value of the next best alternative is called __________.
Understanding scarcity helps us make better economic __________.
3. Translation
A. Translate into English:
Ограниченные ресурсы заставляют людей делать выбор.
Выбор одного варианта означает отказ от другого.
Альтернативная стоимость помогает понять последствия решений.
B. Translate into Russian:
Scarcity forces people to make choices.
Trade-offs are part of everyday economic decisions.
4. Speaking Practice (Dialog)
Работай в паре.
Student A: Ask what scarcity means.
Student B: Explain that scarcity is limited resources and unlimited wants.
Student A: Ask about trade-offs and opportunity cost.
Student B: Explain how choosing one thing means giving up another and what opportunity cost is.
Пример диалога:
Student A: Hi! What does scarcity mean in economics?
Student B: Scarcity means resources are limited, but people want more than they can have.
Student A: How does scarcity affect choices?
Student B: Scarcity forces people, firms, and governments to make choices and face trade-offs.
Student A: What is opportunity cost?
Student B: Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative we give up when making a decision.
Ответы к упражнениям
1. Matching
1 – d
2 – b
3 – a
4 – c
5 – e
2. Fill in the blanks
choices, resources
scarcity
trade-off
opportunity cost
decisions
3. Translation
A.
Limited resources force people to make choices.
Choosing one option means giving up another.
Opportunity cost helps understand the consequences of decisions.
B.
Нехватка заставляет людей делать выбор.
Компромиссы являются частью повседневных экономических решений.