Читать книгу Английский язык для экономистов. Основы экономического английского - - Страница 18

Anna and Mark are sitting in the library after a lecture about cost—benefit analysis.

Anna: Mark, what is cost—benefit analysis?

Mark: Cost—benefit analysis is a method to compare the costs and benefits of a decision or project. It helps determine whether it is worthwhile.

Anna: Can you give an example?

Mark: Sure. Suppose a government plans to build a new highway. They estimate the construction costs and compare them with benefits like reduced travel time, fewer accidents, and economic growth.

Anna: So if the benefits outweigh the costs, the project is worth doing?

Mark: Exactly. If costs are higher than benefits, the project may not be justified.

Anna: Is it only for governments?

Mark: No, businesses and individuals also use cost—benefit analysis to make informed decisions.

Anna: I see. So it’s a tool to evaluate decisions based on their advantages and disadvantages.

Mark: Right! It helps allocate resources efficiently and choose the best option.

Полезные фразы и выражения

cost—benefit analysis – анализ издержек и выгод

costs – издержки

benefits – выгоды

worthwhile – стоящий, целесообразный

to estimate – оценивать

to compare – сравнивать

decision – решение

project – проект

economic growth – экономический рост

travel time – время в пути

to allocate resources – распределять ресурсы

advantages and disadvantages – преимущества и недостатки

informed decisions – обоснованные решения

Упражнения

1. Matching

Соотнеси английские слова с их переводом.

A

cost—benefit analysis

costs

benefits

worthwhile

project

B

a. проект

b. издержки

c. выгоды

d. целесообразный

e. анализ издержек и выгод

2. Fill in the blanks

Заполни пропуски словами из списка: (estimate, compare, travel time, economic growth, allocate resources)

Cost—benefit analysis helps to __________ the costs and benefits of a decision.

Governments can __________ costs and benefits to decide whether a project is worthwhile.

A new highway may reduce __________ for commuters.

Large infrastructure projects can promote __________.

Cost—benefit analysis helps to efficiently __________.

3. Translation

A. Translate into English:

Анализ издержек и выгод помогает оценить, стоит ли проект.

Если выгоды превышают издержки, проект целесообразен.

Анализ издержек и выгод используется бизнесом, правительством и отдельными людьми.

B. Translate into Russian:

Cost—benefit analysis is a tool to make informed decisions.

Comparing costs and benefits helps choose the best option.

4. Speaking Practice (Dialog)

Работай в паре.

Student A: Ask what cost—benefit analysis means.

Student B: Explain that it is a method to compare costs and benefits of a project or decision.

Student A: Ask for an example.

Student B: Give an example like building a highway and estimating costs and benefits.

Student A: Ask who uses it.

Student B: Explain that governments, businesses, and individuals use it to make informed decisions.

Пример диалога:

Student A: Hi! What is cost—benefit analysis?

Student B: It is a method to compare the costs and benefits of a decision or project.

Student A: Can you give an example?

Student B: For example, a government may plan a new highway and compare construction costs with benefits like reduced travel time and economic growth.

Student A: Who uses it?

Student B: Governments, businesses, and individuals all use cost—benefit analysis to make informed decisions.

Ответы к упражнениям

1. Matching

1 – e

2 – b

3 – c

4 – d

5 – a

2. Fill in the blanks

estimate

compare

travel time

economic growth

allocate resources

3. Translation

A.

Cost—benefit analysis helps evaluate whether a project is worthwhile.

If benefits outweigh costs, the project is worthwhile.

Cost—benefit analysis is used by businesses, governments, and individuals.

B.

Анализ издержек и выгод – это инструмент для принятия обоснованных решений.

Сравнение издержек и выгод помогает выбрать лучший вариант.