Читать книгу Английский язык для экономистов. Основы экономического английского - - Страница 9

Anna and Mark are sitting in the university cafeteria discussing today’s lecture.

Anna: Mark, the professor talked about supply today. Can you explain what it means?

Mark: Sure! Supply is the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at different prices over a period of time.

Anna: So it depends on price?

Mark: Exactly. Generally, when the price increases, producers are willing to supply more. When the price decreases, they supply less.

Anna: What affects supply besides price?

Mark: Several factors, such as the cost of production, technology, taxes, subsidies, and the number of sellers in the market.

Anna: Can you give an example?

Mark: Sure. If the price of apples goes up, farmers may plant more apple trees. But if labor or fertilizer costs increase, they may produce less.

Anna: I see. So supply is about the producer’s side of the market.

Mark: Yes, and it interacts with demand to determine prices and quantities in the market.

Полезные фразы и выражения

supply – предложение

quantity supplied – количество, предлагаемое к продаже

producers – производители

price – цена

cost of production – издержки производства

technology – технологии

taxes – налоги

subsidies – субсидии

number of sellers – количество продавцов

market – рынок

to be willing and able – быть готовым и способным

to interact with demand – взаимодействовать со спросом

to determine prices – определять цены

good or service – товар или услуга

Упражнения

1. Matching

Соотнеси английские слова с их переводом.

A

supply

producers

price

quantity supplied

cost of production

B

a. цена

b. предложение

c. производители

d. количество, предлагаемое к продаже

e. издержки производства

2. Fill in the blanks

Заполни пропуски словами из списка: (supply, price, producers, technology, market)

__________ is the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing to sell.

When __________ increases, producers usually supply more.

__________ are the ones who produce goods and services.

Improvements in __________ can increase supply.

Supply interacts with demand in the __________ to determine prices.

3. Translation

A. Translate into English:

Предложение зависит от цены и издержек производства.

Производители готовы продавать больше, если цена растет.

Технологии и налоги влияют на предложение.

B. Translate into Russian:

Supply is the producer’s side of the market.

The number of sellers affects the total supply.

4. Speaking Practice (Dialog)

Работай в паре.

Student A: Ask what supply means.

Student B: Explain that it is the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at different prices.

Student A: Ask what factors affect supply.

Student B: Explain the role of price, production costs, technology, taxes, subsidies, and number of sellers.

Пример диалога:

Student A: Hi! What is supply in economics?

Student B: Supply is the quantity of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at different prices over a period of time.

Student A: What factors affect supply besides price?

Student B: Costs of production, technology, taxes, subsidies, and the number of sellers all affect supply.

Student A: Can you give an example?

Student B: Sure. If apple prices increase, farmers may produce more apples, but higher costs of labor or fertilizer may reduce supply.

Ответы к упражнениям

1. Matching

1 – b

2 – c

3 – a

4 – d

5 – e

2. Fill in the blanks

Supply

price

Producers

technology

market

3. Translation

A.

Supply depends on price and production costs.

Producers are willing to sell more if the price rises.

Technology and taxes affect supply.

B.

Предложение – это сторона рынка производителей.

Количество продавцов влияет на общий объём предложения.