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Opportunity Cost
ОглавлениеAnna and Mark are walking in the park after an economics class.
Anna: Mark, I hear a lot about opportunity cost in class, but I’m still not sure I understand it.
Mark: Opportunity cost is a very important concept. It helps us understand the real cost of our choices.
Anna: Real cost? I thought cost is just the money we spend.
Mark: That’s a common mistake. Opportunity cost is not only money. It’s the value of the next best alternative we give up.
Anna: Can you give me an example?
Mark: Sure. Imagine you have two hours free. You can either study economics or watch a movie. If you choose to study, the opportunity cost is the enjoyment you would have gotten from the movie.
Anna: Oh, I see. So every choice has an opportunity cost.
Mark: Exactly. Even governments and firms face opportunity costs. For example, if a government spends money on defense, the opportunity cost might be less money for education.
Anna: So understanding opportunity cost helps us make better decisions?
Mark: Yes. It shows what we give up when we choose one option over another.
Полезные фразы и выражения
opportunity cost – альтернативная стоимость
the next best alternative – следующая лучшая альтернатива
to give up – отказаться, пожертвовать
real cost – реальная стоимость
to make a choice – сделать выбор
limited resources – ограниченные ресурсы
individuals, firms, and governments – люди, фирмы и правительства
to face a decision – сталкиваться с выбором
to understand the consequences – понимать последствия
economic decision – экономическое решение
trade-off – компромисс, альтернативный выбор
Упражнения
1. Matching
Соотнеси английские слова с их переводом.
A
opportunity cost
trade-off
next best alternative
give up
real cost
B
a. следующая лучшая альтернатива
b. компромисс, альтернативный выбор
c. отказаться, пожертвовать
d. альтернативная стоимость
e. реальная стоимость
2. Fill in the blanks
Заполни пропуски словами из списка: (opportunity cost, alternative, give up, choice, resources)
Every __________ has an opportunity cost.
Opportunity cost is the value of the next best __________.
When we make a decision, we often have to __________ something.
Governments use limited __________ to make economic decisions.
Understanding opportunity cost helps people make better __________.
3. Translation
A. Translate into English:
Альтернативная стоимость показывает, что мы теряем, делая выбор.
Каждое решение имеет свои последствия.
Даже правительства сталкиваются с альтернативными издержками.
B. Translate into Russian:
Opportunity cost helps us understand the consequences of our choices.
Every decision involves giving up something.
4. Speaking Practice (Dialog)
Работай в паре.
Student A: Ask what opportunity cost means.
Student B: Explain that it is the value of the next best alternative we give up.
Student A: Ask for an example.
Student B: Explain using a choice between studying and watching a movie, or government spending.
Пример диалога:
Student A: Hi! What is opportunity cost?
Student B: Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative we give up when we make a choice.
Student A: Can you give me an example?
Student B: Sure. If you spend two hours studying instead of watching a movie, the opportunity cost is the enjoyment of the movie.
Student A: Do governments face opportunity costs too?
Student B: Yes. For example, spending money on defense may mean less money for education.
Ответы к упражнениям
1. Matching
1 – d
2 – b
3 – a
4 – c
5 – e
2. Fill in the blanks
choice
alternative
give up
resources
decisions
3. Translation
A.
Opportunity cost shows what we give up when making a choice.
Every decision has consequences.
Even governments face opportunity costs.
B.
Альтернативная стоимость помогает нам понять последствия наших выборов.
Каждое решение связано с отказом от чего-то.