Читать книгу Los Desafíos Jurídicos de la Transición Energética - Isabel González Ríos - Страница 25

The Polish economy is still based largely on fossil fuel-based generation sources. The developmental problems and challenges identified so far in Poland have been overlaid by the direct effects of the pandemic, which has brought serious losses, new threats, and intensification of the existing problems in the functioning of the economy. In view of constantly rising prices of the CO2 emission allowances and the necessity of incurring significant modernisation and investment expenditures, this situation is not favourable for the domestic industry (including especially energy-intensive industry) and household consumers. In addition to the progressive elimination of coal-fired capacity from the national electricity system and the closure of unprofitable coal and lignite mines, decarbonization should be associated with the need to provide new sources of energy. Investments in low- and zero-carbon energy sources are therefore crucial, including primarily increasing the use of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, as well as providing for them flexible back-up capacity.

The Polish path, due to the continuous reliance of the economy on fossil fuels, social concerns related to the transition away from hard coal and lignite, but also years of negligence, can undoubtedly be an interesting and challenging one.

1. Regulation (EU) 2021/241 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 February 2021 establishing the Recovery and Resilience Facility (OJ EU L 57, 18.2.2021 p. 17-75).

2. https://www.eex.com/en/meta/marketmessages/detail?tx_uomarketmessa-ges_detail%5Baction%5D=show&tx_uomarketmessages_detail%5Bcontroller%5D=Message&tx_uomarketmessages_detail%5Bmessage%5D=6&tx_uomarketmessages_detail%5BreturnPageId%5D=57&cHash=9fbdeee58fa4872c109a49681b481eb5.

3. Directive (EU) 2018/2001 of The European Parliament and of The Council of 11 December 2018 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources.

4. Act of 17 December 2020 on the promotion of electricity generation in offshore wind farms (Journal of Laws of 2021, item 234 as amended).

5. Act of 20 May 2016 on investments in wind power plants (Journal of Laws of 2021, item 724 as amended).

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7. European Comission, Communication From The Commission To The European Parliament, The Council, The European Economic And Social Committee And The Committee Of The Regions - Stepping Up Europe’s 2030 Climate Ambition, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0562. Accessed September 10, 2021.

8. European Comission, 2030 Climate Target Plan, https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/eu-climate-action/2030_ctp_en. Accessed September 10, 2021.

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13. European Environment Agency, EEA greenhouse gas - data viewer, https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/data-viewers/greenhouse-gases-viewer. Accessed September 10, 2021.

14. European Comission, First circular economy action plan, https://ec.europa.eu/environment/topics/circular-economy/first-circular-economy-action-plan_en#ecl-inpage-944. Accessed September 10, 2021.

15. Regulation (EU) 2019/1009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 laying down rules on the making available on the market of EU fertilising products and amending Regulations (EC) No 1069/2009 and (EC) No 1107/2009 and repealing Regulation (EC) N.° 2003/2003, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32019R1009. Accessed September 10, 2021.

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17. Strande R., Johnsson T., Completing the LNG value chain, https://www.wartsila.com/docs/default-source/product-files/ogi/lng-solutions/article-id-2013-01-lng-value-chain.pdf?sfvrsn=4. Accessed September 10, 2021.

18. World Biogas Association, Global Potential of Biogas, https://www.worldbiogasassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/WBA-globalreport-56ppa4_digital-Sept-2019.pdf. Accessed September 10, 2021.

19. MEPs’ Call for a Truly Green Mobility, All sustainable solutions –including biomethane–are needed to decarbonize transport, https://www.europeanbiogas.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/MEPs-petition-on-CO2-standards.pdf. Accessed September 10, 2021.