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Mount Sinai Expert Guides

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Страница 1 Table of Contents List of Tables List of Illustrations Guide Pages MOUNT SINAI EXPERT GUIDES Critical Care Страница 8 Contributors Series Foreword Preface Abbreviations About the Companion Website PART 1 Basic Techniques and Procedures CHAPTER 1 Airway Management OVERALL BOTTOM LINE Functional anatomy of the upper airway Airway assessment Equipment Positioning Preoxygenation Bag and mask ventilation Laryngoscopy and confirmation of placement Rapid sequence induction Difficult airway Cervical spine disease Extubation Complications of intubation Airway trauma Physiologic effects of airway instrumentation Aspiration Reading list Images CHAPTER 2 Sedation and Analgesia OVERALL BOTTOM LINE Clinical pharmacology Monitoring Sedation Pain Medications for sedation and analgesia Opioids Fentanyl Hydromorphone Morphine Methadone Benzodiazepines Midazolam Lorazepam Diazepam Other sedatives Propofol Dexmedetomidine Ketamine Reading list CHAPTER 3 Vascular Access OVERALL BOTTOM LINE Central venous access Indications Venous access sites Catheter types (Figure 3.1) Procedure Management of complications Follow‐up Arterial access Indications Arterial sites Catheter types Procedure Management of complications Follow‐up Reading list Suggested websites Images CHAPTER 4 Bedside Ultrasound OVERALL BOTTOM LINE Indications Basic concepts Ultrasound physics (Table 4.1) Ultrasound equipment Basic knobology Basic terminology Artifacts of US imaging Procedure Cardiac ultrasonography Probe selection and orientation Scanning technique Clinical application BOTTOM LINE/CLINICAL PEARLS Inferior vena cava (ultrasonography) Probe selection and orientation Scanning technique Clinical application BOTTOM LINE/CLINICAL PEARLS Lung ultrasonography Probe selection and orientation Scanning technique Clinical application BOTTOM LINE/CLINICAL PEARLS Abdomen Probe selection and orientation Scanning technique Clinical application BOTTOM LINE/CLINICAL PEARLS Leg vein ultrasonography Probe selection and orientation Scanning technique Clinical application BOTTOM LINE/CLINICAL PEARLS Management/treatment algorithm Reading list Suggested websites Images CHAPTER 5 Bronchoscopy OVERALL BOTTOM LINE Introduction The bronchoscope Indications Pre‐procedure Bronchoscopy procedure Common complications Pre‐procedure Procedure Management of complications Follow‐up Reading list Images CHAPTER 6 Bedside Percutaneous Dilational Tracheostomy OVERALL BOTTOM LINE Background Tracheostomy benefits (Table 6.1) Early versus late tracheostomy Open surgical tracheostomy versus bedside PDT Risk factors Selection of candidates for bedside PDT Patient’s history and clinical status Examination of candidates Relative contraindications PDT procedure Procedure without bronchoscopic guidance Bronchoscopic assistance Management of complications Follow‐up Reading list Images CHAPTER 7 Nutritional Support and Total Parenteral Nutrition OVERALL BOTTOM LINE Background Goals of nutrition in the critically ill Enteral nutrition Enteral nutrition formulation Total parenteral nutrition Indications for TPN Energy and macronutrient dosing calculations Micronutrients and other additives Administration Adaptation to special situations Monitoring Complications Reading list CHAPTER 8 Glycemic Control OVERALL BOTTOM LINE Background Pathogenesis Risk factors for hyperglycemia Prevention of hyperglycemia Diagnosis Differential diagnosis of hyperglycemia in the ICU Typical presentation Clinical diagnosis History Physical examination Laboratory diagnosis Potential pitfalls/common errors made regarding diagnosis of disease Treatment Preferred route of insulin administration Monitoring of glucose level Transitioning from intravenous to subcutaneous insulin Nutrition and insulin Management of complications Treatment/management Prognosis Reading list Suggested websites Guidelines National society guidelines Evidence Images CHAPTER 9 Prevention of Complications OVERALL BOTTOM LINE Neurologic complications Cardiovascular complications Hematologic complications Gastrointestinal complications Renal complications Procedure‐related complications Infection control in ICU Reading list Suggested websites Страница 182 PART 2 Cardiovascular Critical Care CHAPTER 11 Hemodynamic Monitoring OVERALL BOTTOM LINE Arterial lines Indications Locations for placement Contraindications Complications Advanced arterial hemodynamic monitoring Pulse contour analysis PiCCO system (Pulsion Medical Systems) FloTrac™ system (Edwards Lifesciences) Pulse power analysis LiDCO system Central lines Common locations Complications Waveform components Controversy regarding the utility of CVP monitoring Pulmonary artery catheter monitoring Background Procedure Indications Direct measurements Indirect measurements Calculated measurements Complications Echocardiography Reading list CHAPTER 12 Vasoactive Drugs OVERALL BOTTOM LINE Physiology Basic properties Indications Types of shock Selecting vasoactive therapy Low preload (LVEDP) Receptors affected by vasoactive medications Key principles of vasoactive medication use Vasoactive medications in focus Reading list {buyButton}

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